Create VM: Synology DSM

Virtual Machines · NAS~30 minView script

Create a Synology DSM virtual machine on Proxmox VE. ProxMenux downloads the loader of your choice (Arc, RR, TinyCore M-shell or a custom one), imports it as the VM's boot disk and prepares CPU, RAM and storage through the default or advanced wizard.

What this does

ProxMenux automates the VM-side of a Synology DSM install: it downloads one of the supported loaders, imports it into a new VM as an IDE boot disk, and applies the CPU / RAM / network / storage you pick. The rest — building the loader, choosing the DSM model, installing DSM — happens inside the VM, driven by the loader's own web or terminal interface. Those steps are community-maintained and change often, so this page gives you a working baseline.

Supported loaders

The script lets you choose between four loader sources:

Default vs Advanced configuration

When you run the script it asks whether to use the ProxMenux default VM profile or open the advanced wizard. Default values are tuned for DSM and work for most installs.

Default configuration

ParameterDefault value
Machine typeq35
BIOSOVMF (UEFI)
CPU typeHost
Cores2
RAM4096 MB
Bridgevmbr0
MAC addressAuto-generated
Start on completionNo

Advanced configuration

The advanced wizard exposes every knob. You can freely change any of these:

ParameterOptions
Machine typeq35 or i440fx
BIOSOVMF (UEFI) or SeaBIOS (Legacy)
CPU typeHost or KVM64
CoresNumber of CPU cores
RAMMemory allocated to the VM
BridgeNetwork bridge
MAC addressCustom MAC
VLANVLAN tag (optional)
MTUMTU size

Storage plan

After the CPU / RAM step, ProxMenux opens the Storage Plan menu, where you can combine virtual disks, imported disks and PCI passthrough devices in the same VM, adding items one at a time and finishing when you are done.

a. Add virtual disk

  • Lists the Proxmox storage volumes available on the host.
  • You pick the target storage and the size in GB.
  • The disk is attached to the VM as SATA (sata0, sata1, … up to 6).

b. Add import disk

  • Detects physical disks that are safe to import (system and protected disks are hidden).
  • You select one or more disks via a checklist.
  • Imported disks are attached as SATA via qm set.

c. Add Controller or NVMe (PCI passthrough)

  • Detects SATA/SAS HBAs and NVMe devices on the host and lets you pass an entire controller into the VM. IOMMU must be enabled; the script offers to enable it and reboots if required.
  • A confirmation step warns about controller-wide risk (the whole card, including every disk on it, leaves the host).
  • The selected PCI devices are attached via qm set hostpciN: ….

Reset and finish

The menu also offers r (reset the current selection and start over) and d (finish and continue). You cannot finish with an empty plan — Synology needs at least one disk to install DSM on.

Optional GPU passthrough

After the storage plan, if the script detects a compatible GPU on the host it asks whether you want to pass it to this VM. See Add GPU to a VM (Passthrough) for how the assistant works — a host reboot may be required.

Loader installation

Arc, RR and TinyCore M-shell are downloaded and extracted automatically from their upstream GitHub repositories. If the download fails the script aborts with a clear message.

For the Custom Loader option the script scans /var/lib/vz/template/iso. If more than one candidate is found you are prompted to pick the one you want.

You can upload custom loaders from Proxmox local storage:

Add custom loader
Add custom loader

VM creation — what the script runs

Once you confirm the loader, ProxMenux runs the equivalent of these qm commands:

  • qm create — creates the VM with the selected CPU, RAM, BIOS and machine type.
  • qm importdisk — imports the loader as an IDE disk (maximum compatibility).
  • qm set sataN: … — attaches virtual disks and imported disks from the storage plan, plus the network interface.
  • qm set hostpciN: … — attaches any Controller / NVMe devices selected for PCI passthrough.
  • qm set --boot — sets the loader as the first boot device.

Step-by-step loader configuration

All loaders follow the same high-level pattern — start the VM, pick a model, pick a DSM version, pick add-ons, build, boot — but the screens and menus differ. The guide below walks through the six shared steps with screenshots for each loader. Exact options may change with new loader releases.

Loaders are not maintained by ProxMenux

Arc, RR and TinyCore are community projects with their own release cadence. If a step looks different from the screenshots below, the loader has probably updated — check the loader's own documentation (links at the bottom of this page).
Step 1

Start the VM and access the main menu

Once the VM is created, start it. The first boot takes you to the loader's configuration interface where you pick and build the DSM model you want. After the loader has been built, subsequent boots skip this step unless you force a reconfiguration from the loader's own boot monitor. All three loaders support both a terminal UI and a web UI.

Web interface. Open a browser and go to the IP shown in the VM console (in our example: http://192.168.0.32).

Arc loader web interface
Arc loader web interface

Terminal interface. Use it directly from the VM console output.

Arc loader terminal interface
Arc loader terminal interface
Step 2

Select model

Pick the Synology DSM model you want to install. Depending on the loader you may need to expand the options to see the full list. In the screenshots below we use the SA6400 model as an example.

Arc model selection
Arc model selection
Step 3

Select DSM version

After picking the model, choose the DSM version to install.

Arc version — step 1
Arc version selection — step 1
Arc version — step 2
Arc version selection — step 2
Step 4

Select addons

This step lets you add extra features or custom configuration to the loader.

Arc offers an automatic mode (recommended) and a manual mode. In automatic mode the loader applies sensible defaults and reboots on its own when done.

Arc auto configuration
Arc auto configuration

If you pick manual, you step through the options one by one:

Arc manual configuration
Arc manual configuration
Arc SN/MAC
Arc SN / MAC configuration
Arc SATA portmap
Arc SATA portmap (use the recommended option)
Arc addons
Arc addons selection
Step 5

Build the loader

With the model, DSM version and addons chosen, pick Build the Loader. This can take a few minutes depending on the loader and the selected options.

Arc build loader
Arc — build loader
Step 6

Boot the loader

Once the loader is built, the VM reboots with the configuration you created and DSM installation begins.

Arc boot loader
Arc — boot loader

Starting the DSM installation

Once the loader has booted you can discover your DSM VM by opening:

https://finds.synology.com

Follow the on-screen steps to complete the DSM installation.

DSM setup
DSM setup screen

Be patient — the process can take several minutes. Progress updates automatically and a countdown appears as installation nears completion.

Installation complete
Installation complete

Tips

Use recent DSM models

Some older DSM models have trouble recognising disks or the network card. Prefer recent models (e.g. SA6400) for a smoother first-boot experience.

Updating the loader

Some loaders offer the option to update themselves directly from their configuration menu — you don't have to destroy and recreate the VM.

ProxMenux does not support the loaders

ProxMenux automates the VM side. Loader issues (model not found, add-on failing to install, DSM refusing to boot) are out of scope here — use each loader's own issue tracker and documentation.

Loader documentation

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